解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Upon infection, both DNA and RNA viruses can be sensed by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the cytoplasm or the nucleus to activate antiviral innate immunity. Sensing of viral products leads to the activation of a signaling cascade that ultimately results in transcriptional activation of type I and III interfer...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2016.05.015
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kinetoplastid parasites adapt to different environments with wide-reaching control of gene expression, but transcription of nuclear protein-coding genes is polycistronic: there is no individual control of transcription initiation. Mature mRNAs are made by co-transcriptional trans splicing and polyadenylation, and comp...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2016.04.018
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::All organisms must secure essential trace nutrients, including iron, zinc, manganese and copper for survival and proliferation. However, these very nutrients are also highly toxic if present at elevated levels. Mammalian immunity has harnessed both the essentiality and toxicity of micronutrients to defend against micr...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2016.05.013
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since 2003, dozens of giant viruses that infect amoebas (GVA), including mimiviruses and marseilleviruses, have been discovered. These giants appear to be common in our biosphere. From the onset, their presence and possible pathogenic role in humans have been serendipitously observed or investigated using a broad rang...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2016.04.012
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Marine viruses often contain host-derived metabolic genes (i.e., auxiliary metabolic genes; AMGs), which are hypothesized to increase viral replication by augmenting key steps in host metabolism. Currently described AMGs encompass a wide variety of metabolic functions, including amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism,...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2016.04.002
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natural prokaryotic populations are composed of multiple clonal lineages that are different in their core genomes in a range that varies typically between 95 and 100% nucleotide identity. Each clonal lineage also carries a complement of not shared flexible genes that can be very large. The compounded flexible genome p...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2016.03.014
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The proposed order Megavirales comprises the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV), infecting a wide range of hosts. Over time, they co-evolved with different host cells, developing various strategies to penetrate them. Mimiviruses and other giant viruses enter cells through phagocytosis, while Marseillevirus an...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2016.03.009
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microbial growth can be characterized by a limited set of macroscopic parameters such as growth rate, biomass yield and substrate affinity. Different culturing protocols for laboratory evolution have been developed to select mutant strains that have one specific macroscopic growth parameter improved. Some of those mut...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2016.03.007
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluency in a common language allows individuals to convey information and carry out complex activities that otherwise would be difficult or even impossible without the benefit of shared communication. Cyclic (di)nucleotides have recently been recognized as such an accessible language understood by both microbe and the...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2015.12.005
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The RNA chaperone protein Hfq is critical to the function of small, base pairing RNAs in many bacteria. In the past few years, structures and modeling of wild type Hfq and assays of various mutants have documented that the homohexameric Hfq ring can contact RNA at four sites (proximal face, distal face, rim and C-term...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2016.02.003
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Secretion systems play a central role in infectious diseases by enabling pathogenic bacteria to deliver virulence factors into target cells. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) mediates bacterial antagonism in various environments including eukaryotic niches, such as the gut. This molecular machine injects lethal toxi...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2015.11.006
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human pathogenic Yersinia species cause diseases that represent a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Despite this, specific mechanisms underlying Yersinia pathogenesis and protective host responses remain poorly understood. Recent studies have shown that Yersinia disrupt cell death pathways, perturb in...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2015.11.001
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arginine is an integral part of host defense when invading pathogens are encountered. The arginine metabolite nitric oxide (NO) confers antimicrobial properties, whereas the metabolite ornithine is utilized for polyamine synthesis. Polyamines are crucial to tissue repair and anti-inflammatory responses. iNOS/arginase ...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2015.10.005
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two-thirds of all bacterial genomes sequenced to-date possess an organelle for locomotion, referred to as flagella, periplasmic flagella or type IV pili. These genomes may also contain a chemotaxis-signaling system which governs flagellar rotation, thus leading a coordinated function for motility. Motility and chemota...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2015.09.006
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 21st century has seen the licensure of new anti-infective vaccines that have demonstrated their benefit for both individual and population (herd) protection. Despite this there are still many human pathogens for which no vaccine is available. As we learn more about these pathogens, and as technologies advance, mor...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2015.07.006
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::According to a Pew Research study published in February 2015, there are 37 antibacterial programs currently in clinical trials in the United States. Protein structure-based methods for guiding small molecule design were used in at least 34 of these programs. Typically, this occurred at an early stage (drug discovery a...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2015.09.003
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some of the most successful drugs in the antibiotic pharmacopeia are those that inhibit bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. However, the worldwide spread of bacterial antibiotic resistance has eroded the clinical efficacy of these drugs and the antibiotic pipeline continues to be lean as drug discovery programs struggle...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2015.07.013
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Haloalkaliphiles are double extremophilic organisms thriving both at high salinity and alkaline pH. Although numerous haloalkaliphilic representatives have been identified among Archaea and Bacteria over the past 15 years, the adaptations underlying their prosperity at haloalkaline conditions are scarcely known. A mul...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2015.05.003
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies based on metagenomics and other molecular techniques have permitted a detailed knowledge of the microbial diversity and metabolic activities of microorganisms in hypersaline environments. The current accepted model of community structure in hypersaline environments is that the square archaeon Haloquadra...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2015.05.002
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most studies of small regulatory RNAs in bacteria have focussed on conserved transcripts in intergenic regions. However, several recent developments including single-nucleotide resolution transcriptome profiling by RNA-seq and increased knowledge of the cellular targets of the RNA chaperone Hfq suggest that the bacter...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2015.01.013
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research into the mechanisms regulating bacterial cell size has its origins in a single paper published over 50 years ago. In it Schaechter and colleagues made the observation that the chemical composition and size of a bacterial cell is a function of growth rate, independent of the medium used to achieve that growth ...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2015.01.011
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial pathogens employ a myriad of strategies to alter host tissue cell functions for bacterial advantage during infection. Recent advances revealed a fusion of infection biology with stem cell biology by demonstrating developmental reprogramming of lineage committed host glial cells to progenitor/stem cell-like c...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2014.11.021
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::RNA sequencing has emerged as the premier approach to study bacterial transcriptomes. While the earliest published studies analyzed the data qualitatively, the data are readily digitized and lend themselves to quantitative analysis. High-resolution RNA sequence (RNA-seq) data allows transcriptional features (promoters...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2014.11.011
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammasomes - molecular platforms for caspase-1 activation - have emerged as common hubs for a number of pathways that detect and respond to bacterial pathogens. Caspase-1 activation results in the secretion of bioactive IL-1β and IL-18 and pyroptosis, and thus launches a systemic immune and inflammatory response. I...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2014.10.008
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudogenes are defined as fragments of once-functional genes that have been silenced by one or more nonsense, frameshift or missense mutations. Despite continuing increases in the speed of sequencing and annotating bacterial genomes, the identification and categorisation of pseudogenes remains problematic. Even when ...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2014.11.012
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kinetoplastea such as trypanosomatid parasites contain specialized peroxisomes that uniquely contain enzymes of the glycolytic pathway and other parts of intermediary metabolism and hence are called glycosomes. Their specific enzyme content can vary strongly, quantitatively and qualitatively, between different species...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2014.09.006
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endosymbiotic theory goes back over 100 years. It explains the similarity of chloroplasts and mitochondria to free-living prokaryotes by suggesting that the organelles arose from prokaryotes through (endo)symbiosis. Gene trees provide important evidence in favour of symbiotic theory at a coarse-grained level, but the ...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2014.09.008
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We postulate that phenotypic resistance to antibiotics, persistence, is not an evolved (selected-for) character but rather like mutation, an inadvertent product of different kinds of errors and glitches. The rate of generation of these errors is augmented by exposure to these drugs. The genes that have been identified...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2014.06.016
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this review, we demonstrate how game theory can be a useful first step in modeling and understanding interactions among bacteria that produce and resist antibiotics. We introduce the basic features of evolutionary game theory and explore model microbial systems that correspond to some classical games. Each game dis...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2014.09.004
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The eukaryotic unicellular pathogen Plasmodium falciparum tightly regulates gene expression, both during development and in adaptation to dynamic host environments. This regulation is evident in the mutually exclusive expression of members of clonally variant virulence multigene families. While epigenetic regulators h...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2014.06.013
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei is the causative agent of African sleeping sickness and the wasting disease, nagana, in cattle. The parasite is transmitted to the mammalian host by the bite of a tsetse fly. These parasites lack transcriptional regulation, and their gene expression is mainly regulated post-tr...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2014.06.006
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, a number of endophytic fungi have been discovered that produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) whilst growing on agricultural waste substrates, whose chemistry is best defined as hydrocarbon and hydrocarbon-like. These compounds have potential use as both 'green chemicals' and fuels. This report discusses ...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2014.06.003
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The peptidoglycan (PG) sacculus once thought to be just a reinforcing, static and uniform structure, is fast becoming recognized as a dynamic cell constituent involved in every aspect of bacterial physiology. Recent advances showed that in addition to 'classical' tasks-as an essential element to define bacterial shape...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2014.01.004
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the process of yeast budding, an aged and deteriorated mother cell gives rise to a youthful and pristine daughter cell. This remarkable event offers a tractable model system for identifying factors affecting life expectancy and it has been established that multiple aging factors operate in parallel. Herein, we will...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2014.02.003
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::While natural microbial communities are composed of a mix of microbes with often unknown functions, the construction of synthetic microbial communities allows for the generation of defined systems with reduced complexity. Used in a top-down approach, synthetic communities serve as model systems to ask questions about ...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2014.02.002
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biofilm development and quorum sensing (QS) are closely interconnected processes. Biofilm formation is a cooperative group behaviour that involves bacterial populations living embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix. QS is a cell-cell communication mechanism that synchronizes gene expression in response to po...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2014.02.008
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyanobacteria possess the simplest known circadian clock, which presents a unique opportunity to study how rhythms are generated and how input signals from the environment reset the clock time. The kaiABC locus forms the core of the oscillator, and the remarkable ability to reconstitute oscillations using purified Kai...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2014.02.010
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Staphylococcus aureus is a dangerous pathogen that causes a variety of severe diseases. The virulence of S. aureus is defined by a large repertoire of virulence factors, among which secreted toxins play a preeminent role. Many S. aureus toxins damage biological membranes, leading to cell death. In particular, S. aureu...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2013.11.004
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to control uptake across the mucosa and to protect the gut from harmful substances present in the lumen is defined as intestinal barrier function. Two routes are usually distinguished for transepithelial transport. The paracellular route allows the passage of ions and small molecules and is mainly regulate...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2013.12.003
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial shape has always been hypothesized to play an important role in the biology of a species and in the ability of certain bacteria to influence human health. The recent discovery of peptidoglycan hydrolases that modulate shape has now allowed this hypothesis to be addressed directly. Genetic, biochemical, and p...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2013.09.005
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00